This book contains original material difficult to find anywhere in American references. It is the result of 54 years of experience in stock car racing, research, and development in Canada and the United States.
It contains basic advice that allows you to recover between 70 and 100 hp lost in the intake and exhaust systems due to heat under the hood, lift and drag at the rear of the car and besides in the low-pressure boundary layer.
I teach you:
· how to cancel lift over the trunk, drag all around the body in the low-pressure boundary layer, and behind the car; how to generate aerodynamics downforce at the rear;
· how to tune the intake and exhaust so that the gases oscillate together in the intake and exhaust manifolds during the overlap of the intake and exhaust valve openings. Then the exhaust sucks into the intake, creating a natural compressor effect that allows to produce +/- 20% power gain in the order of 50 to 75 hp. Apart from the intake-exhaust tuning, the horsepower gained corresponds to recovered losses.
The horsepower gained by tuning is not visible in the dyno tests carried out by the race series officials, because they are carried out with the exhaust system of the workshop and not those on the car in real conditions of movement on the track. In addition, the conditions in a dyno chamber are different from those in the car on the track. Thus, the officials will not see your advantage. To learn how, you can get my book by contacting me at yvescarol.jean@yahoo.ca or at 1 581 305 1316. The book is an excellent training tool for racing teams.
See the table of contents for the book.
Price : Electronic copy: 150 $ US
Yves Carol Jean
1137 Route de l’Église, Apartment 611
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 3W4
(1) 581 305 1316
yvescarol.jean@yahoo.ca
RACE CAR
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MODIFICATION ADJUSTMENTS (SETUP)
OVAL TRACK & ROAD CIRCUIT
Author: Yves Carol Jean Race Engineer
Bachelor of Applied Science, Mechanical Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
PARTIE 1
1. TIRES
1.1 Tires characteristics
Manufacturer information and recommendations
Factors that influence grip
1.2 Tire measurement
1.3 Tire temperatures
1.4 Tire selection, stagger and Cross Weight
1.5 Loading, deformation, tire pressures and heat generation
1.6 Pressure and temperature recommendation
1.7 Deformation under load and pressure increase
1.8 Knowledge and understanding of tire loading physics
1.9 Forces acting on tires, static load
1.10 Dynamic loads on the tread and sidewalls of tires, due to braking, acceleration, steering effort, centrifugal force on the tire itself and that in cornering which generates load transfers (dynamic load) on the tires
1.11 Heat generation and temperature
1.12 Camber
1.13 Optimum camber change
1.14 Caster
1.15 Parallelism, toe-in and toe-out of the wheels
1.16 Tire management
1.17 Tire testing
2 DESIGN CRITERIA VERSUS ADJUSTMENTS AND PERFORMANCE
2.1 Regulations
2.2 Center of gravity and centroid of gravity
2.3 Polar moment of inertia
2.4 Ballast
2.5 Front/rear weight distribution
2.6 Left/right distribution
3. STATIC TIRE LOAD DISTRIBUTION
Explanation of load distribution on tires, the consequences of this distribution and the adjustments that determine and modify the load distribution.
4. WEIGHT TRANSFER AND DYNAMIC LOAD DISTRIBUTION
4.1 Weight transfer
4.2 Weight transfer when cornering
4.3 Weight transfer under braking
4.4 Weight transfer during acceleration
5. CROSS WEIGHT
6. WHEELS
Dimensions
Weight
The aerodynamic pump effect for brake cooling
Asymmetry (of set) versus load or weight distribution
Rigidity
Influence on suspension geometry
7. CHASSIS
7.1 Required chassis characteristics
7.2 Simplicity, ease of assembly and disassembly
7.3 Common or easily reproducible elements locally
7.4 Dimensions
7.5 Torsional stiffness
7.6 Stress in the chassis
7.7 Influence of chassis stiffness on load transfer to tires
7.8 Chassis angle to the ground
7.9 Safety
7.10 Cross Weight Bridge
7.11 Correction to neutralize a chassis supported upside down
8. SUSPENSION AND CAR MEASUREMENT
8.1 Suspension components
8.2 Suspension types
8.3 Measuring surface
8.4 Suspension and measurement
8.4.1 Front suspension geometry measurement table
8.4.2 Performance Trends program measurement table
8.4.3 WinGeo 3 program by William Mitchell
8.4.4 Rear suspension measurement
8.4.5 Performance Trend rear suspension measurement table
8.5 Front lower suspension triangles and measurement
8.6 Front upper suspension triangles and measurement
8.7 Springs
8.8 Sway Bar
8.9 Shock absorbers
8.10 Location of springs, shock absorbers, anti-roll bar and measurement
8.11 Measurement of spring and shock absorber location relative to the chassis
8.12 Measurement of coil springs
8.13 Measurment of torsion bar
8.14 Measurement of leaf springs
8.15 Measurement of the anti-roll bar
8.16 Location of the rack support to the chassis
8.17 Measurement of Ball Joints
8.18 Ball joint measurement gauge
8.19 Assembly of front ball joints with steering knuckle and measurement
8.19.1 Ball joint mountings
8.19.2 King Pin
8.20 Front pivot angle (King PIN Inclination) and load bearing point on the front tire treads
8.20.1 Pivot angle (King Pin) and scrub radius
8.20.2 Influence of Pivot Angle on the Vertical component of Centrifugal Force
9. FRONT SUSPENSION GEOMETRY
9.1 Front Roll Center and Instantaneous Centers
9.2 Dive and Anti-Dive
10. REAR SUSPENSION GEOMETRY
10.1 Rear Roll center
10.2 Anti-Squat
10.3 Camber
11. ROLL AXIS
12. STEERING
12.1 Conventional worm gear steering
12.2 Rack and pinion steering
13. CRADEL
14. ANTI-ROLL BAR, PANHARD ROD, REAR TRAILING ARMS, REAR TRACTION BAR (3RD POINT) AND DIRECTIONAL EFFECT OF THE REAR AXLE.
15. STATIC DIRECTIONAL EFFECT OF THE REAR SUSPENSION
16. DYNAMIC DIRECTIONAL EFFECT FROM THE REAR SUSPENSION
17. ALIGNMENT
17.1 Front wheel alignment
17.2 Rear wheel alignment
17.2.1 Alignment method using strings
17.2.2 Rear axle alignment method using a single string
17.2.3 Initial method for marking reference points and compiling measurements
17.2.4 Rear axle alignment method relative to the front right wheel
18 BRAKES
Front-rear braking distribution
19. ENGINE
19.1 Engine
19.2 Air and heat circulation around the engine, inside and under the car
19.3 Engine oil, filter, oil pump and oil pressure
19.4 Intake-Exhaust Tuning
19.4.1 Air filter selection
19.4.2 Exhaust manifold (Headers) selection
19.4.3 Distance traveled by air from the face of the heads to the intake valves
19.4.4 Thickness of the gasket between the heads and the intake manifold
19.4.5 Distance traveled by the air-fuel mixture in the intake manifold
19.4.6 Average carburetor height
19.4.7 Height of spacer and gaskets under the carburetor
19.4.8 Distance traveled by air from the air intake to the carburetor
19.4.9 Corrected distance traveled by air from the air intake to the carburetor
19.4.10 Distance traveled by exhaust between the valve and the face of the head
19.4.11 Thickness of the gasket between the heads and the exhaust manifold
19.4.12 Average length of exhaust manifolds (primary pipes)
19.4.13 Lengths of secondary exhaust pipes including muffler
19.4.14 Engine specifications
19.4.15 Tuning calculation for a GM ZZ4 606 engine
19.4.16 Rolling dynamometer
20. TRANSMISSION
Oil Additive
21 DIFFERENTIAL
Oil
22 FUEL TANK
Insulation
23 FUEL LINE AND FUEL PUMP
Length and shape Insulation
24 FUEL
25 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Distributor
MSD or others
Battery
26 SAFETY AND DRIVING COMFORT
27 VEHICLE DYNAMICS
CHASSIS ANALYSIS AND SPRING CALCULATION
27.1.1 Ground clearance
27.2.1 Tires
27.2.2 Rear Upper Link Adjustment
27.2.3 Cross Weight Adjustment
27.2.4 Shock absorber
27.2.5 Example of chassis adjustment from the R&D program
28. CHASSIS SETUP
28.1 Observations regarding adjustments on oval and road circuit
28.1.1 Ground clearance
28.1.2 Tire adjustment is the first and most important key element to work on, before all other adjustments on the car.
28.1.3 Dynamic Transfer Control
28.1.4 Most sensitive setup factors
28.1.5 Load transfer speed
28.1.5 Combination of adjustable elements that affect load transfer speed
28.1.6 How to improve the car
28.2.1 Tires
28.2.2 Rear Upper Link adjustment
28.2.3 Cross Weight adjustment
28.2.4 Shock absorbers
28.3 Car adjustments in the workshop
28.3.1 Setup sheet
28.3.2 Basic setup recommendation sheet
26.3.3 Example of conventional suspension settings (setup) from 1998
26.3.4 François Adam NASCAR LMS 2004 ASE
26.3.5 Example of chassis adjustment table from the R&D program
28.3.6 Example of Wheel Rate vs springs table
28.3.7 Example of MOTION TATIO VS SPRINGS table
28.3.8 Example of Wheel Rate vs springs 2005 table
28.3.9 Example of anti-squat
28.3.10 SUPERSPORTSMAN 2013 settings (setup) (ex CASCAR 1999, and LMS 2000 to 2006)
28.3.11 VINTAGE (2014) settings (setup)
28.4 Trackside adjustments during testing
28.5 Questions to ask during trackside events
28.6 Carroll Smith adjustment chart
29 BBSS (BIG BAR SOFT SPRING) SETTINGS
29.1 BBSS Settings
29.2 Example of BBSS front geometry
29.3 Example of BBSS settings (setup)
29.4 Example of BBSS settings (setup) analyses and experiments in 2018
29.5 Example of BBSS settings (setup) at the Grand-Prix de Trois-Rivières
29.6 Conventional Sway Bar Soft Springs
30. SPORT COMPACT CARS
30.1 Rear-wheel drive car
30.2 Front-wheel drive car
30.3 Center of gravity
30.4 Front-rear weight distribution
30.5 Left-right weight
30.6 Cross Weight and weight distribution on each wheel
30.7 Cross Weight bridge
30.8 Car dive under braking
30.9 Rear end lift under braking
30.10 Front end lift during acceleration
30.11 Rear end lift during acceleration
30.12 Shock absorbers
30.13 Tires
30.14 Front suspension geometry
30.15 Rear suspension geometry
31 DATA CONSERVATION
31.1 Banking angles and configuration of known tracks
31.2 Data experimented in 2005
31.3 Best settings (setup) of Yvon Bédard, 1996 PROCAR Champion
31.4 Best settings of Yvon Bédard, OXFORD 25, 1995, QUASCAR Champion
31. TEAM ORGANIZATION
PART 2
BODYWORK AND AERODYNAMICS
Air and heat flow control
External, internal and under-car aerodynamic effects
Aerodynamics manual, low, medium and high speed, Stock car, Sedan and Pick Up
PART 3
APPENDIX 1
Example of email request for information to Good’Year
APPENDIX 2
Pro Stock engine on dynamometer
APPENDIX 3
Carol Jean Nascar Late Model Sportsman 1976 Chassis
Langis Caron 1976 Nascar Catamount Stadium Champion 1976 reserve car
Model that allowed modification of the 1975 chassis, which became the 1976 reserve car
APPENDIX 4
Carol Jean Nascar Late model Sportsman 1977 and 1980 Chassis 1978 and 1979 Dirt Late Model
APPENDIX 5
Chassis for Lamborghini Miura replica
APPENDIX 6
Carol Jean CASCAR 1999 Car
APPENDIX 7
Carol Jean Cascar 1999 Chassis Plans
APPENDIX 8
Late model Sportsman ACT REAR TRUCK ARM Chassis
APPENDIX 9
Late model Sportsman ACT 2008 Chassis Chassis plans
APPENDIX 10
Carol jean Super Late Chassis
APPENDIX 11
Carol Jean VINTAGE 2014 Chassis
APPENDIX 12
Best settings (setup) 1996 PROCAR GP3R 2004 – YVON BÉDARD
GP3R 2004 – JEAN-FRANÇOIS DUMOULIN
APPENDIX 13
Program
Basic Language
Front suspension diagram
APPENDIX 14
Rear suspension
Anti-squat percentage control and calculation
APPENDIX 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY